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What is Single Pair Ethernet?


Single Pair Ethernet (SPE) is an Ethernet network implementation that uses a unique physical layer (PHY) transceiver over a single pair of wires. SPE reduces system cost, weight and wiring complexity when compared to traditional Ethernet multi-pair CAT5 cabling. OSI network layers 2 to 7 remain the same across all the Ethernet physical layer types, eliminating additional software modification to implement SPE.

SPE enables you to take advantage of an all-Ethernet architecture while tailoring the system to the unique needs of your market segments. SPE, also referred to as “T1”, can support multiple bandwidths and distances and the IEEE® defines SPE in the 802.3 standards group.

SPE Diagram

SPE Standards


Standard Bandwidth and Protocol Description
IEEE® 802.3cg
  • 10 Mbps connection over a single pair of conductors
  • Short reach (25m), multi-drop bus line or point-to-point connection
  • Long reach (1 km), point-to-point connection
IEEE 802.3bw
  • 100BASE-T1
  • 100 Mbps over single twisted pair cable
  • Up to at least 15m
IEEE 802.3bp
  • 1000BASE-T1
  • 1000 Mbps over single twisted pair cable
  • Type A link segment up to at least 15m
  • Optional Type B segment up to at least 40m
IEEE 802.3ch
  • NGBASE-T1
  • 2.5 Gbps, 5 Gbps, 10 Gbps over single twisted pair shielded cable
  • Up to at least 15m

SPE Brings Benefits to Designers


You can simplify many connectivity applications using SPE. When compared to proprietary or industry-specific protocols, Ethernet more readily supports the trend toward IP-based IoT edge computing. The 10BASE-T1S specification easily supports simple switching and actuation and its multidrop capability means you only need a single port to support several connections and you can avoid using multiple cables from the switch to the connected device.  

Advantages of an SPE architecture include:

  • A worldwide, open standards-based architecture that is vendor interoperable
  • Well-understood, proven security infrastructure as well as authentication, encryption and secure updates
  • Large ecosystem of suppliers and applications

Explore the following applications for SPE:

Industrial Control and Factory Automation


Industrial control and factory automation benefit from simpler components, software and wiring when implementing SPE networking. SPE also eliminates gateways and by using 10BASE-T1S technology for sensors and actuators, you can enable a single wiring run to the sensor/actuator array. 

Factory Control

  • Actuators
  • Assembly lines
  • Packaging lines
  • Sensors

In-Cabinet Racks

  • Fans, temperature sensors, voltage monitors, DC-DC converters and optical modules
  • Intra-system management interface in racks

Control Units

  • Buttons
  • Converters
  • Relays and input/output cards
  • On/off switches

Single Pair Ethernet

A centralized switch capable of 10/100/1000 Mbps operation offers wide flexibility for industrial applications. With concerns about long cable runs and resolving mixed protocols while maintaining high reliability, bandwidths of 100 MB or 1 GB support the needs of complex motor control and system controller communications. 

Centralized Switch for Industrial Ethernet Solutions

Building Automation


Building automation benefits from Ethernet as there is no need for protocol translation between proprietary protocols. Networks can mix traditional Ethernet and SPE to optimize data and control installations. A large percentage of building control tasks require basic signaling and very low bandwidth. You can meet both of these requirements in a more cost-effective manner using SPE connections.

 

Use cases in building automation include:

  • Motion detection and lighting
  • Elevator control
  • HVAC control
  • Sensors
  • Light sensing and window shade control

Single Pair Ethernet

A switch capable of 10/100 Mbps operation offers flexibility for building control applications. The mix of bandwidth options supports the needs of building systems and communications.

Centralized Switch for Building Control Applications

Data Centers


Data centers embrace Ethernet for virtually all connectivity needs outside the board level. Use of SPE ensures there is no need for protocol translation between networks while offering cost optimization for tasks that require basic signaling and lower bandwidth.

Network Equipment

  • Intra-system management interface in servers and switches
  • Fans, temperature sensors, voltage monitors, DC-DC converters and optical modules

Computer Server and Network Switch Control Planes

  • Configuration and monitoring

Single Pair Ethernet

Many industrial-type applications exist within data center infrastructure, including HVAC controls, motors for zonal controls and sensors that monitor individual zones, racks or pieces of equipment.

Centralized Switch for Data Center Applications

Automotive


The automotive industry is steadily moving toward Ethernet as a data backbone within the vehicle. Ethernet offers a scalable, cost-effective and known protocol, which does not require auto OEMs to invest in the development of industry-specific protocols. Protocol-compliant variants like SPE offer additional opportunities for cost optimization and weight reduction for a wide variety of functions that require basic signaling or lower bandwidth.

Door Zone

  • Window control
  • Lock control
  • Car access
  • Mirror control
  • Ambient lighting
  • 100BASE-Tx port for diagnostics
  • Speaker array with built-in amplifier 

Front and Rear Zones

  • Temperature sensors
  • Lighting control
  • Ultra-sonic sensors

Single Pair Ethernet

Automotive systems, with their broad range of use cases, are ideal systems for bandwidth rationalization and cost optimization. This market as a whole benefits from the reduced weight and size of SPE. The 10B-T1S specification easily supports the needs of simple switches and actuators found in door, seating and lighting systems as well as connecting individual sensors.

Centralized Switch for Automotive Applications

Industrial Robotics


Robotic handling and motion has become increasingly sophisticated. Multi-axis motion requires many additional motors and actuators. At the same time, sensors in fingertips have enabled robots to handle everything from lightbulbs to iron assemblies. These abilities have required sensors and electronics to be placed in difficult-to-access locations. Connecting all of these components has become one of the major challenges in advanced robotics. SPE offers reduced wire size and significant bandwidth to enable communication between controllers, motors, actuators and sensors.

Single Pair Ethernet

Applications for SPE Include:
  • Axis and extremity control
  • Axis motors
  • Actuators
  • Pressure sensors
  • Temperature sensors

Single Pair Ethernet

Robotics systems are becoming increasingly sophisticated and they require a range of bandwidth options. However, tight spacing within the robot structure calls for small wires and wiring bindles to make connections to the extremities while providing long-term reliability. Multi-rate switches support low to high bandwidths. The 10B-T1S specification enables efficient connections to individual sensors as well as between local system controllers. 10B-T1S enables reduced wire count and higher reliability while supporting increased functionality at the extremities.

Centralized Switch for Industrial Robotics Applications

SPE Development Tools


Single Pair Ethernet Products


To learn more about SPE technology, visit the resources and websites below.

Transform Your Network With Our LAN887x Ethernet PHYs

As the demand for high-speed and reliable networking grows, our LAN887x family of advanced Ethernet physical layer transceivers offers exceptional performance and robustness. These 100BASE-T1 and 1000BASE-T1 Ethernet PHYs are compliant with IEEE® 802.3bw-2015 and IEEE 802.3bp-2016 standards and deliver seamless connectivity, superior diagnostics and support extended cable lengths.